Activity 2: Identify the effects on biodiversity
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Below are the global and regional obligations in this activity:
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Component 1: Identify the effects on biodiversity
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- List and summarize major sources of environmental deterioration (e.g. climate change) affecting flora and fauna: WHC Operational Guidelines III.B 129 and WHC Operational Guidelines, Annex 5 SEE COMMENTARY 1
- Itemize those disasters which present a foreseeable threat to natural heritage sites: WHC Operational Guidelines III.B 129 and WHC Operational Guidelines, Annex 5 SEE COMMENTARY 2
- Support risk identification and assessment activities at World Heritage properties, including consideration of climate change impacts on heritage: World Heritage Decision31 COM 7.2, 4 and WHC-07/31,COM/7.2 (revised Strategy for Risk Reduction at World Heritage Properties) SEE COMMENTARY 3
- Develop a World Heritage Risk Map at the global level or at regional levels to assist States Parties and the Committee to develop better responses: World Heritage Decision 31 COM 7.2, 4 and WHC-07/31,COM/7.2 (revised Strategy for Risk Reduction at World Heritage Properties) SEE COMMENTARY 4
- Work with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), with the objective of including a specific chapter on World Heritage in future IPCC assessment reports: World Heritage Decision 30 COM 7.1, 12
- Identify climate change threats specific to regional/thematic aspects: World Heritage Decision 30 COM 7.1, 8 and WHC-06/30.COM/7.1 (Strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses) SEE COMMENTARY 5
- Collect and document information on the impacts of past and current climate change on World Heritage sites: World Heritage Decision 30 COM 7.1, 8 and WHC-06/30.COM/7.1 (Strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses) SEE COMMENTARY 6
- Review previous reports, as it could lead to the identification of past impacts of climate change on World Heritage, which may not have been attributed to climate change at the time of the original report: World Heritage Decision 30 COM 7.1, 8 and WHC-06/30.COM/7.1 (Strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses) SEE COMMENTARY 7
- Develop and periodically up-date national risk maps and related information Indicating the hazards that might affect negatively World Heritage properties: World Heritage Decision 30 COM 7.2, 3 and WHC-06/30. COM/7.2 (Strategy for Reducing Risks from Disasters at World Heritage properties) SEE COMMENTARY 8
- Promote community participation in, and mobilize local support for disaster risk assessment and reduction at World Heritage properties: World Heritage Decision 30 COM 7.2, 3 and WHC-06/30. COM/7.2 (Strategy for Reducing Risks from Disasters at World Heritage properties) SEE COMMENTARY 9
- Use the network of World Heritage properties to start identifying the properties under most serious threats posed by climate change to natural heritage: WHC Decision 29 COM 7B.a, 10
- Involve Indigenous and local communities and other relevant stakeholders when addressing research needs and activities on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity: CBD Decision VIII/30, 3
- Identify processes and categories of activities which have or are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity: CBD Article 7(c) SEE COMMENTARY 10
- Ensure that sites on the Ramsar List are used as baseline and reference areas to detect trends in the loss of biological diversity, climate change, and desertification: Ramsar Resolution VIII.25, 7 and Ramsar Resolution VIII.25, Annex (Ramsar Strategic Plan 2003-2008) SEE COMMENTARY 11
- Use Ramsar sites as baseline and reference areas to detect trends in the loss of biological diversity, climate change, and desertification: Ramsar Resolution VIII.11, 5 and Ramsar Resolution VII.11, Annex (Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance of the Convention on Wetlands) SEE COMMENTARY 12
- By 2006 identify, using agreed common criteria, all high nature value areas in agricultural ecosystems in the pan European region: Kiev Resolution first part of no. 2
Component 2: Identify the effects on wetlands and livelihoods
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Monitor and assess the impacts of natural disasters on the ecological character of wetlands and on the livelihoods of people dependent on wetlands: Ramsar Resolution IX.9, 16 SEE COMMENTARY 13
- Parties to address climate change in so far as it is regarded as likely to bring about significant change in the ecological character of wetlands and affect the behaviour of migrating waterbirds: AEWA Resolution 3.17
Component 3: Identify the effects on migratory species
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Identify which migratory species are particularly threatened by climate change: CMS Resolution 8.13, 1(b)
- Review the range states list for CMS species as changes in distribution are seen as a consequence of climate change: CMS Resolution 8,13, 1(c)
- Assess the effects of changing climate on migratory waterbirds, review implications of modelled future patterns of climate change on waterbirds, outline possible means of adaptation to these changes, and report conclusions to a future Meeting of the Parties: AEWA Resolution 3.17
- Identify species vulnerable to the consequences of a changing climate, and identify measures that may help to maintain such populations: AEWA Resolution 3.17
Component 4: Identify the effects on the threat of invasive alien species
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Consider the potential effects of global change on the risk of invasive alien species to biodiversity and related ecosystem good and services: CBD Decision VI/23, 15 SEE COMMENTARY 14
- Promote and carry out research on the impact of climate change on invasive species and the vulnerability of ecosystems and habitats to invasion by alien species: CBD Decision VI/23, 24(a)
Component 5: Identify the effects on mountain biological diversity
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Monitor and exchange information on the consequences of climate change on mountain biological diversity: CBD Decision VII/27, 10d and CBD Decision VII/27, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 15
Component 6: identify the effects on island biodiversity
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Compile detailed inventories of island species, assess their conservation status, including the main threat criteria, and develop the taxonomic expertise necessary to facilitate this: CBD Decision VIII/1, 3 and CBD Decision VIII/1, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 16
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