Activity 1: Conserve and sustainably use inland waters (general obligations on management)
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Below are the global and regional obligations in this activity:
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Component 1: Conserve and sustainably use inland waters (general obligations)
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Develop and disseminate methodologies to achieve the conservation and wise use of wetlands: Ramsar Strategic Plan 2003-2008, Operational Objective 3.1 SEE COMMENTARY 1
- Maintain the ecological character of all Ramsar sites: Ramsar Strategic Plan 2003-2008, Operational Objective 11.1 SEE COMMENTARY 2
- Make good use of the Integrated framework for the Ramsar Convention’s water-related guidance and adapt it as necessary: Ramsar Resolution IX.1, 7 and Ramsar Resolution IX.1, Annex C SEE COMMENTARY 3
- Contribute to poverty reduction in the areas of human life and safety, access to resources, ecological sustainability, governance, and economies: Ramsar Resolution IX.14, 7
- Apply integrated approaches to address Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) by bringing ornithological, wildlife, and wetland management expertise together with veterinary, agricultural, virological, epidemiological and medical expertise: Ramsar Resolution IX.23, 16
- Develop and implement national contingency or action plans related to the potential risk of disease transmission, and national preparedness to instances of detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in birds: Ramsar Resolution IX.23, 20
- Use all available information, when faced with managing or assessing the impact of dams on wetland ecosystems: Ramsar Resolution VIII.2, 10
- Manage wetlands so as to increase their resilience to climate change and extreme climatic events: Ramsar Resolution VIII.3, 14 SEE COMMENTARY 4
- Document case studies of good practice in the integration of wetlands into integrated coastal zone management: Ramsar Resolution VIII.4, 15
- Share information and expertise on the study, conservation and wise use of mountain wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VIII.12, 15
- Use the Guiding principles on cultural values of wetlands in relation to enhancement of the cultural values of wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VIII.19, 18 and Ramsar Resolution VIII.19, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 5
- Provide information on wetlands agriculture to the Wise Use Resource Centre maintained by the Ramsar Bureau and other initiatives: Ramsar Resolution VIII.34, 31
- Continue efforts to implement provisions related to the Guidelines for the use of groundwater: Ramsar Resolution VIII.40, 15
- Give more attention to the role of groundwater in maintaining wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VIII.40, 19
- Support the development of Early Warning Systems for detecting change in ecological character: Ramsar Resolution VI.1, 11
- Recognize that the adverse impacts of toxic substances compromises the ecological character of wetlands: Ramsar Recommendation 6.14, 6
- Implement more systematically the guidelines on wise use: Ramsar Resolution 5.6 SEE COMMENTARY 6
- Implement the Additional guidance for the implementation of the wise use concept: Ramsar Resolution 5.6 and Ramsar Resolution 5.6, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 6
- Take effective action to prevent or remedy changes in ecological character of wetlands: Ramsar Recommendation 4.8
- Adopt and apply the Guidelines for implementation of the wise use concept: Ramsar Recommendation 4.10 and Ramsar Recommendation 4.10, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 7
- Adopt the definition of wise use established by COP 3: Ramsar Recommendation 3.3 and Ramsar Recommendation 3.3, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 8
- Take immediate action to stimulate wise use: Ramsar Recommendation 3.3
- Take effective action to prevent any further degradation of sites and restore the value of damaged sites: Ramsar Recommendation 3.9
- Follow-up of operations affecting wetlands, including utilization of corrective measures: Ramsar Recommendation 2.3, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 9
- Develop measures of preparedness to respond to oil spills: CMS Resolution 7.3, 1d
- Take account of the precautionary principle in the location of oil installations and movement of oil containers: CMS Resolution 7.3, 1g
- EU Members to take the requisite measures to preserve, maintain or re¬-establish a sufficient diversity and area of habitats for all the species of birds referred to in Article 1: EU Birds Directive, Article 3
- An effective and coherent water policy must take account of the vulnerability of coastal aquatic ecosystems: EU Water, Paragraph 17
- Take steps to conserve aquatic ecosystems, including their biodiversity and unique habitats, which contribute to the livelihood and aesthetic values of the people and the Region: SADC Protocol on Fisheries Article XIV 1
- Implement African best practices on wetland conservation, where social and ecological benefits are derived: NEPAD paragraph, 138
- Take measures to maintain migratory Waterbird species in a favourable conservation status of restore them to such a status: AEWA Article II SEE COMMENTARY 30
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Regulate or manage biological resources important for biodiversity conservation: CBD Article 8c
- Provide the conditions needed for compatibility between present uses and biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: CBD Article 8i
- Regulate processes where an adverse effect on biodiversity has been determined: CBD Article 8l
- Adopt measures for the ex-situ conservation of biodiversity: CBD Article 9a
- Establish facilities for ex-situ conservation and research: CBD Article 9b
- Regulate and manage collection of biological resources for ex-situ purposes: CBD Article 9d
- Adopt measures relating to the use of biological resources to avoid adverse impacts on biodiversity: CBD Article 10b
- Implement pilot projects to test the applicability of the Guidelines on biodiversity and tourism development: CBD Decision VII/14, 6
- Manage ecosystems so as to maintain their resilience against extreme climatic events and to adapt to climate change: CBD Decision VII/15, 12 SEE COMMENTARY 4
- Curb the illegal exploitation and trade of resources from protected areas: CBD Decision VII/28, 21
- Submit case studies on the sustainable use of biodiversity: CBD Decision VI/13, 6
- Implement adaptation measures that help reduce the adverse effects of climate change on Appendix I species: CMS Resolution 8.13, 3
- Take account of the precautionary principle and of environmental impact data in developing wind turbine plants: CMS Resolution 7.5, 1e
- Ensure that the oustanding universal value, the conditions of integrity and/or authenticity of World Heritage properties are maintained or enhanced in the future: WHC Operational Guidelines II.F, 96 SEE COMMENTARY 10
- Provide long-term legislative, regulatory, institutional and/or traditional protection and management to the properties on the World Heritage List, including delineated boundaries: WHC Operational Guidelines II.F, 97
- Draw boundaries for World Heritage properties: WHC Operational Guidelines II.F, 99 SEE COMMENTARY 11
- Provide an adequate buffer zone for the proper conservation of the World Heritage property: WHC Operational Guidelines II.F, 103 SEE COMMENTARY 12
- Implement effective management for World Heritage properties in close collaboration with property managers, the agency with management authority and stakeholders: WHC Operational Guidelines II.F, 117
- Asia-Pacific States Parties: Follow up the recommendations and action plans proposed at national levels: WHC Decision 27 COM 6A
- Enhance civil society participation and strengthen organizational, technical and financial mechanisms at field level for addressing jointly environmental management and poverty eradication: UNCCD Decision 1/COP.7, 3
- Promote appropriate and transparent resource tenure systems and the protection of natural resources while establishing or reviewing means to combat land degradation: UNCCD Decision 1/COP.6, 19
- Integrate measures to prevent and combat desertification and to mitigate the effects of drought by means of relevant policies and programmes: UNCCD Decision 2/COP.6, 5 SEE COMMENTARY 14
- Focus the implementation of the UNCCD on integrated, sustainable ecosystem-based activities in order to benefit fully from synergies: UNCCD Decision 12/COP.6, 6 SEE COMMENTARY 15
- Minimize the adverse effects on the quality of the environment of projects or measures undertaken by Parties to the UNFCCC to adapt to climate change: UNFCCC Article 4.1(f) SEE COMMENTARY 16
- Follow an assessment and evaluation process to prevent maladaptation and to ensure that adaptation actions are environmentally sound: UNFCCC Decision 1/CP.10, 4 SEE COMMENTARY 17
- Adopt measures to promote the sustainable use of terrestrial and freshwater resources on islands: CBD Decision VIII/1, 1 and CBD Decision VIII/1, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 9a
Component 2: Conserve and sustainably use Wetlands of International Importance
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Compensate for the loss of wetland resources when deleting or restricting the boundaries of a designated wetland, through creating additional reserves: Ramsar Article 4, 2
- Identify examples of effective management at Ramsar sites for listing on the San José Record and submit nominations: Ramsar Resolution VIII.15, 12
- Take into account the guidance for interpreting urgent national interests when invoking the right under Article 2.5 and considering compensation: Ramsar Resolution VIII.20, 7 and Ramsar Resolution VIII.20, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 19
- Promote Ramsar sites as models or demonstration sites for the implementation of the Guidelines for the implementation of the wise use concept: Ramsar Resolution VII.11, 18 and Ramsar Recommendation 4.10, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 20
- Contracting Parties with sites on the Montreux Record: Increase efforts to address the management problems of these sites: Ramsar Resolution VII.12, 24
- Recognize the essential character of wetlands and ensure that the ecological character of Ramsar sites is not placed at risk: Ramsar Recommendation 5.3
- Develop zoning measures for larger Ramsar sites and wetland reserves: Ramsar Recommendation 5.3
- Establish strict protection measures for small or sensitive Ramsar sites and wetlands: Ramsar Recommendation 5.3
- Focus on subsequent action after designation of a Ramsar site: Ramsar Recommendation 4.2
- Effectively conserve listed wetlands, including wardening and land-control mechanisms: Ramsar Recommendation 2.3, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 9
- EU Members to take similar measures for regularly occurring migratory species as regards their breeding, moulting and wintering areas and staging posts along their migration routes; paying particular attention to the protection of wetlands and particularly to wetlands of international importance:EU Birds Directive, Article 4 (2)
Component 3: Conserve and sustainably use specific inland water ecosystems (general obligations)
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Ensure the conservation and wise use of peatlands as a demonstration of the ecosystem-based approach: Ramsar Strategic Plan 2003-2008, Operational Objective 3.2 SEE COMMENTARY 21
- Minimize the degradation, promote restoration and improve management of peatlands and other wetlands that are carbon stores: Ramsar Resolution VIII.3, 15
- Ensure that coastal wetlands and their values for human well-being are recognized in planning and decision-making: Ramsar Resolution VIII.4, 14
- Protect and restore the values and functions for human populations of mangrove ecosystems: Ramsar Resolution VIII.32, 12
- Ensure that the land-use planning and management of river basins and coastal zones does not adversely affect the mangrove ecosystems: Ramsar Resolution VIII.32, 19
- Recognize the importance of mangrove ecosystems and plan their management so as to ensure that they may respond to impacts caused by climate change and sea-level rise: Ramsar Resolution VIII.32, 20
- Identify the factors degrading mangrove ecosystems and restore such ecosystems: Ramsar Resolution VIII.32, 21
- Share information and experience on the management and conservation of mountain ecosystems: Ramsar Resolution VIII.39, 18
- Report to COP 8 on progress with initiatives for the conservation and wise use of karst and other subterranean hydrological systems: Ramsar Resolution VII.13, 9
- Introduce measures for the long-term conservation of intertidal wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VII.21, 13
- Suspend the promotion of unsustainable aquaculture activities harmful to coastal wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VII.21, 15
- Contracting Parties around the Mediterranean: Use and further develop the MedWet methodological tools on wetland management: Ramsar Resolution VII.22, 6
- Consider using MedWet tools, in particular on wetland inventory data: Ramsar Resolution VII.22, 7
- Contracting Parties with small island wetland ecosystems: Give attention to ensuring the application of the Convention for these areas: Ramsar Recommendation 7.1
- Ensure the application of the Convention for small island wetland ecosystems in recognition of their special management needs: Ramsar Recommendation 7.2, 15
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Prevent and mitigate the negative impacts of key threats to mountain biodiversity: CBD Decision VII/27, 2 and CBD Decision VII/27, Annex (Programme of work on mountain biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 24
- Protect, recover and restore mountain biodiversity: CBD Decision VII/27, 2 and CBD Decision VII/27, Annex (Programme of work on mountain biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 24
- Promote the sustainable use of mountain biodiversity: CBD Decision VII/27, 2 and CBD Decision VII/27, Annex (Programme of work on mountain biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 24
- Maintain genetic diversity in mountain ecosystems: CBD Decision VII/27, 2 and CBD Decision VII/27, Annex (Programme of work on mountain biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 24
- Develop community-based approaches for the conservation and sustainable use of forest biodiversity: CBD Decision VI/22, 31
- Mitigate the impact of pollution on forest biodiversity: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 25
- CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 25
- Prevent and mitigate the adverse effects of forest fires and fire suppression: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 25
- Mitigate the effects of loss of natural disturbances: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 25
- Prevent and mitigate losses due to fragmentation and conversion: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 25
- Promote sustainable use of forest resources: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 25
- Prevent losses caused by unsustainable harvesting of timber and non-timber forest resources: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 25
- Promote the sharing of benefits from the use of forest genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 25
- Sustainably manage dry and sub-humid land production systems: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 26
- Appropriately manage and sustainably use water resources: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 26
- Conserve in situ and ex situ the biodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 26
- Sustainably use, through adaptive management, plant and animal biomass in dry and sub-humid lands: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 26
- Decentralize management in dry and sub-humid lands to the lowest level: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 26
- Diversify sources of income in dry and sub-humid lands: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 26
- Explore innovative sustainable uses of biodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 26
- Promote sustainable agricultural practices and integrated landscape management of agricultural and natural areas: CBD Decision IV/6, 4
- Promote agricultural management practices sympathetic to Crex crex: CMS Recommendation 4.3, 4
- Adopt an integrated approach addressing the physical, biological and socio-economic aspects of desertification, in pursuing the objective of the Convention: UNCCD Article 4, 2a
- Adopt and apply strategies to sustainably use agroecosystems on islands with important biodiversity: CBD Decision VIII/1, 1 and CBD Decision VIII/1, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 23a
- Develop and apply strategies to sustainably use managed forest ecosystems on islands with important biodiversity: CBD Decision VIII/1, 1 and Decision VIII/1, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 23b
- Ensure sustainable utilisation of natural resources like lakes, wetlands, forests and other aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems:EAC Article 111 2 c
Component 4: Conserve and sustainably use inland waters for fish and fisheries
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Fisheries authorities responsible for fisheries within or near to Ramsar sites: Ensure that the activities maintain the ecological character of the Ramsar site: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 25
- Use the habitat and species conservation provisions of the Convention to support management measures that mitigate the environmental impacts of fishing: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 26
- Carefully control aquaculture practices in Ramsar sites and in areas that are liable to impact on Ramsar sites and other wetlands: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 31 SEE COMMENTARY 27
- Assist fishers in gaining access to environmentally friendly technologies: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 41
- Apply the Issues and recommendations for Contracting Parties concerning the management of sustainable fisheries in Ramsar sites and other wetlands when addressing the sustainable use of fisheries resources in relation to Ramsar sites and other wetlands: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 23 and Ramsar Resolution IX.4, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 28
- Develop adequate standards for farming and aquaculture, as well as strategies that limit the risk of disease transmission between wild and domestic birds through enhanced biosecurity: Ramsar Resolution IX.23, 22 SEE COMMENTARY 29
- Maintain the migration access for fish and other species past dams: Ramsar Resolution VIII.2, 14
- Take appropriate measures to regulate the use of aquatic resources and protect the resources against exploitation:SADC Protocol on Fisheries Article, IV iii
- Establish uniform fisheries investment guidelines for inland and marine waters: COMESA Article 123, 4c
- Promote the use of energy efficient and clean technologies in the fishing and aquaculture sectors:SADC Protocol on Fisheries Article XIV 10
Indirectly Relevant Obligations and commitments
- Promote sustainable trade and investment in fisheries and related goods and services:SADC Protocol on Fisheries Article, XVI
- Adopt a strategy to deal with cross boarder fishing problems by encouraging partner states to harmonise, patrol, licensing and sensitisation of boarder fisher communities on fisheries regulations applicable in Partner States:The Joint Communiqué of the Council of Ministers of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation, Decision.
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