Activity 2: Develop and review policy measures
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Below are the global and regional obligations in this activity:
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Component 1: Develop and review policy measures
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Specify the most appropriate policy instruments to be used to ensure the wise use of wetlands: Ramsar Strategic Plan 2003-2008: Operational Objective 2.1 SEE COMMENTARY 1
- Develop, review, amend and implement policies, legislation, institutions and practices to ensure that the Convention is fully applied: Ramsar Strategic Plan 2003-2008: Operational Objective 2.2 SEE COMMENTARY 2
- Ensure that the maintenance of wetlands is fully taken into account in the design, planning and implementation of water-related projects, poverty reduction strategy papers and coastal zone planning: Ramsar Resolution IX.3, 17
- Review policy frameworks and institutional arrangements, to ensure that fisheries management authorities and those involved with conserving and managing aquatic biodiversity support efforts to implement the Convention: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 24 SEE COMMENTARY 3
- Enforce existing policies and legislation to suspend any promotion, creation of new facilities, or expansion of unsustainable aquaculture activities harmful to wetlands: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 32 SEE COMMENTARY 4
- Review policies, laws and programmes for regulating the introduction of aquatic biota for aquaculture and the aquarium industry: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 34 SEE COMMENTARY 5
- Take steps within policies and national systems of protected areas for establishment and recognition of inland, coastal and marine protected areas as a tool for biodiversity conservation and fisheries resources management: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 36
- Give priority to conservation and wise use of water and wetlands in national poverty reduction strategy papers, integrated water resource management and water efficiency plans and similar policies: Ramsar Resolution IX.14, 8
- Ensure that gender equality and sensitivity to local communities are taken into account in wetland management strategies: Ramsar Resolution IX.14, 8
- Incorporate cultural values in wetland policies and strategies, and in wetland management plans: Ramsar Resolution IX.21, 13
- When integrating climate change into national policy, use the information on climate change and wetlands in COP background papers: Ramsar Resolution VIII.3, 16
- Review and amend existing policies and practices adversely affecting coastal wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VIII.4, 16 SEE COMMENTARY 7
- Review land tenure policies to consider wetland tenure systems and user rights in a manner promoting sustainable wetland management: Ramsar Resolution VIII.34, 20
- When implementing Ramsar Resolution VIII.34, 21, ensure that the activities do not support agricultural policies inconsistent with trade-related agreements: Ramsar Resolution VIII.34, 23
- Adopt relevant measures to avoid the repetition of a disaster such as the accident of the Prestige oil tanker: Ramsar Resolution VIII.46, 11
- In developing policy and legal instruments relating to wetlands, take into consideration the Ramsar Guidelines on management planning for Ramsar sites and other wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VII.12, 22 SEE COMMENTARY 8
- Review existing or evolve policy, legal and institutional frameworks to identify and promote measures encouraging conservation and wise use of wetlands and remove discouraging measures: Ramsar Resolution VII.15, 11
- Review international trade in wetland-derived products and ensure that such harvesting is sustainable: Ramsar Resolution VII.19, 10v
- Consider the Ramsar guidelines for international cooperation as part of policy and legal frameworks: Ramsar Resolution VII.19, 11
- Take measures for compensation any loss of wetland functions, attributes and values: Ramsar Resolution VII.24, 10
- Integrate rules for compensation of wetland loss into national policies on land and water planning: Ramsar Resolution VII.24, 11
- Incorporate a preference for compensating for wetland loss with similar wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VII.24, 12
- Develop national and local mechanisms to ensure consultation with local and indigenous people: Ramsar Recommendation 6.3, 15
- Integrate wetland restoration into national conservation, land and water management policies: Ramsar Recommendation 6.15, 8
- Adopt policies to ensure wetland conservation by public and private parties: Ramsar Recommendation 2.3, Annex, 2.2
- Share information and lessons from the application of national and regional policies and water frameworks: CBD Decision VII/4, 12
- Promote the integration of biodiversity of inland waters into sectoral and cross-sectoral plans, policies and legislation: CBD Decision VII/4, 7 and CBD Decision VII/4, Annex (Revised programme of work on inland water biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 9
- Establish uniform fisheries investment guidelines for inland and Marine waters: COMESA Article 123, 4c
- Adopt common policies for conservation, management and development of fisheries resources: COMESA Article 123, 4b
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Develop national strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity: CBD Article 6a
- Integrate conservation and sustainable use into national decision-making: CBD Article 10a
- Promote national arrangements for emergency responses to activities presenting a danger to biodiversity: CBD Article 14e
- Create an enabling environment for the implementation of the ecosystem approach: CBD Decision VII/11, 14
- Initiate implementation of the Addis Ababa Principles and Guidelines for Sustainable Use, with a view to integrate and mainstream the Principles into policies, legislation and plans: CBD Decision VII/12, 2
- Put policies, laws and institutions for sustainable use of biodiversity in place: CBD Decision VII/12, 2 and CBD Decision VII/12, Annex II (Addis Ababa Principles and Guidelines for the Sustainable Use of Biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 10
- Integrate the Guidelines on biodiversity and tourism into strategies and plans for tourism development, national biodiversity strategies and other sectoral strategies: CBD Decision VII/14, 10
- Provide an enabling policy, institutional and socio-economic environment for protected areas: CBD Decision VII/28, 5 and CBD Decision VII/28, Annex (Programme of work on protected areas) SEE COMMENTARY 11
- Develop and implement institutional, administrative, legislative and policy frameworks to facilitate cooperation and access to technologies: CBD Decision VII/29, 2 and CBD Decision VII/29, Annex: (Programme of work on technology transfer and technological and scientific cooperation) SEE COMMENTARY 12
- Develop national plans or strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of pollinator diversity: CBD Decision VI/5, 11 and CBD Decision VI/5, Annex (Plan of Action for the International Initiative for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Pollinators) SEE COMMENTARY 13
- Harmonize policies and programmes among the multilateral environmental agreements and regional initiatives: CBD Decision VI/20, 8
- Develop strategies to take account of effects of alien species on populations and genetic diversity: CBD Decision VI/23, 12c
- Incorporate invasive species considerations into national biodiversity strategies and action plans and into secoral and cross-sectoral policies: CBD Decision VI/23, 12d
- Review national biodiversity strategies in the light of the CBD Strategic Plan: CBD Decision VI/26, 3
- Integrate conservation, sustainable use and benefit-sharing into relevant sectoral and cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies: CBD Decision VI/27, 2b
- Identify constraints and impediments to implementation of national biodiversity strategies: CBD Decision VI/27, 2f
- Identify areas for conservation that would benefit through the sustainable use of biodiversity: CBD Decision V/24, 7
- Consider the assessment of the interlinkages between tourism and biodiversity as a basis for policies, programmes and activities related to tourism, paying attention to a range of issues: CBD Decision V/25, 4
- Include in national biodiversity strategies measures for in situ and ex situ conservation, integration of biodiversity in sectoral policies, and benefit-sharing: CBD Decision III/9, 2a, b, c
- Adopt a general policy aiming to give the cultural and natural heritage a function in the life of the community and integrate heritage protection into planning programmes: World Heritage Convention, Article 5a
- Set up services for the protection of the cultural and natural heritage: World Heritage Convention, Article 5b
- Integrate concern for heritage within overall policies and operational mechanisms for disaster mitigation: WHC Decision 29 COM 7B.b, 3
- More fully integrate climate change objectives in key areas of national sustainable development strategies such as biodiversity: UNFCCC Decision 1/CP.8, (c)
- Integrate sustainable land management issues within UNFCCC national adaptation programmes of action (NAPAs): UNCCD Decision 12/COP.7, 7
- Identify key climate change adaptation measures in the process of preparing national adaptation programmes of action: UNFCCC Decision 28/CP.7, 1 and UNFCCC Decision 28/CP.7, Annex (Guidelines for the preparation of national adaptation programmes of action) SEE COMMENTARY 14
- Develop and elaborate appropriate and integrated plans for water resources and agriculture: UNFCCC Article 4.1(e) and KP Article 11.2: SEE COMMENTARY 15
- Develop and implement integrated policies to conserve key ecosystems, habitats important for island biodiversity, societies and economies: CBD Decision VIII/1, 1 and CBD Decision VIII/1, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 9a
Component 2: Develop and review policy measures for specific inland water ecosystems
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Contracting Parties with mangrove ecosystems: Review and modify any national policies and strategies that have or could have harmful effects on these ecosystems, and protect and restore the benefits of these ecosystems for human populations: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 33 SEE COMMENTARY 7 and 16
- Contracting Party with coral reef, sea grass beds and other associated ecosystems: Implement national programmes for the protection of these ecosystems through protected areas, monitoring programmes, awareness programmes and cooperation for restoration projects: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 35
- Review and modify national policies and strategies that could have harmful effects on mangrove ecosystems: Ramsar Resolution VIII.32, 12 SEE COMMENTARY 7
- Promote the conservation and integrated management of mangrove ecosystems within the context of national policies and regulatory frameworks: Ramsar Resolution VIII.32, 13
- Review policies that adversely affect intertidal wetlands and introduce measures for their long-term conservation: Ramsar Resolution VII.21, 13 SEE COMMENTARY 7
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Promote the mainstreaming of agricultural biodiversity in plans, programmes and strategies with the participation of local and indigenous communities: CBD Decision VII/3, 10
- Submit case studies on experiences with mainstreaming agricultural matters into plans, programmes and strategies: CBD Decision VI/5, 3
- Identify management practices and policies that promote the positive and mitigate the negative impacts of agriculture on pollinator diversity and activity: CBD Decision VI/5, 11 and CBD Decision VI/5, Annex (Plan of Action for the International Initiative for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Pollinators) SEE COMMENTARY 13
- Incorporate relevant objectives and activites of the forest biodiversity work programme into national biodiversity strategies and action plans and national forest programmes: CBD Decision VI/22, 28
- Develop methods, guidelines, indicators and strategies to apply the ecosystem approach to forests: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 17
- Integrate biodiversity conservation and sustainable use into forest and other sector policies and programmes: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 17
- Identify management practices, technologies and policies that promote the positive and mitigate the negative impacts of agriculture on biodiversity: CBD Decision V/5, 4 and CBD Decision V/5, Annex (Programme of work on agricultural biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 18
- Develop national plans or strategies for agricultural biodiversity and promote their mainstreaming in plans and programmes: CBD Decision V/5, 4 and CBD Decision V/5, Annex (Programme of work on agricultural biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 18
- Support policies, legislation and land-use practices which promote biodiversity in dry and sub-humid lands: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 19
- Strengthen local institutional structures for resource management in dry and sub-humid lands: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 19
- Harmonize sectoral policies and instruments to promote the conservation and sustainable use of dry and sub-humid land biodiversity: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 19
- Establish mechanisms and frameworks for promoting benefit-sharing from the use of genetic resources in dry and sub-humid lands: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 19
- Develop national strategies and action plans with a number of components related to agricultural biodiversity: CBD Decision III/11, 15a)-n)
- Develop national strategies and action plans focusing on the Global Plan of Action on Plant Genetic Resources, inventories on animal genetic resources, and micro-organisms of interest for agriculture: CBD Decision III/11, 15a)-n)
- Promote the transformation of unsustainable agricultural practices into sustainable production practices: CBD Decision III/11, 17a
- Promote the use of farming practices that arrest degradation and enhance biodiversity: CBD Decision III/11, 17b
- Develop policies, programmes and actions to ensure the capacity of island ecosystems to deliver goods and services that support sustainable livelihoods: CBD Decision VIII/1, 1 and CBD Decision VIII/1, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 16a
Component 3: Develop and review policy measures for species
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Act in pursuance of Agenda 21 and international agreements regarding trade of products from wise use of Neotropical wetlands: Ramsar Recommendation 5.13
- Ensure that conservation and sustainable use of wetlands and of migratory species are incorporated into national strategies, plans and programmes to preserve biodiversity: CBD Decision III/21, 8
- Do not except specific quantities of caviar and crocodilian specimens from the exemption of a requirement of export permits or re-export certificates for personal or household effects: CITES Resolution 13.7
- Enhance the participation of all agencies in conservation and sustainable-use programmes for sturgeon and paddlefish: CITES Resolution 12.7 (rev. COP13)
- Develop plans of action for the event of confiscation of live specimen of tortoises and freshwater turtles: CITES Resolution 11.9 (rev. COP13)
- Range States of tortoises and freshwater turtles: Develop management strategies: CITES Resolution 11.9 (rev. COP13)
- Assess and improve efforts to manage native tortoises and freshwater turtles, e.g. by quotas: CITES Resolution 11.9 (rev. COP13)
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Take effective measures at policy and institutional level to ensure synergy between the implementation of CITES and CBD: CITES Resolution 13.2
- Recognize the seriousness of illegal trade and identify it as of high priority for law enforcement agencies: CITES Resolution 11.3 (rev. COP13)
- Formulate national action plans for enhanced enforcement of CITES and achieve compliance with CITES provisions: CITES Resolution 11.3 (rev. COP13)
- Offer rewards for information on illegal hunting and trafficking of specimens of CITES Appendix I: CITES Resolution 11.3 (rev. COP13)
- If an Appendix II or III species is being traded in a manner detrimental to its survival, make use of the options provided by Article XIV or Article X: CITES Resolution 11.18
- Ensure that migratory species are integrated into National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans and in activities implementing CBD work programmes: CMS Resolution 8.18, 1 SEE COMMENTARY 20 and 21
- Make use of the indicative list of actions and the indicative list of categories of information as a basis to promote the integration of migratory species into NBSAPs and to contribute to the 2010 biodiversity target: CMS Resolution 8.18, 2 SEE COMMENTARY 21
- Integrate conservation and sustainable use of migratory species into policies, plans and programmes: CMS Resolution 7.10 SEE COMMENTARY 20
- Include consideration of migratory species in government policies: Strategic Plan 2000-2005, operational objective 2.2: CMS Resolution 6.4, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 20
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