Activity 5: Assess, monitor and research inland waters
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Below are the global and regional obligations in this activity:
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Component 1: Assess inland waters
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Assess and monitor the condition of wetland resources: Ramsar Strategic Plan 2003-2008, Operational Objective 1.2
- Review national and regional programmes for the systematic collection of ecological and socio-economic data on fisheries and on aquaculture of relevance to Ramsar sites: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 29
- Implement environmental flow assessments to mitigate impacts of large dams on wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VIII.2, 13
- Give priority to assessing the conservation status of mountain wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VIII.12, 17
- Address the lack of information on the status of inland water biodiversity: CBD Decision V/2, 3
- Improve, integrate and analyse data sets across different flyways to determine migratory routes and population dynamics of species: CMS Resolution 8.27, 2
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Establish and maintain programmes for education and training in measures for identification, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity: CBD Article 12a
- Improve data on ecosystem goods and services: CBD Decision VII/4, 17
- Develop an improved understanding of inland water biodiversity: CBD Decision VII/4, 7 and CBD Decision VII/4, Annex (Revised programme of work on inland water biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 1
- Improve information management for assessing and monitoring mountain biodiversity: CBD Decision VII/27, 2 and CBD Decision VII/27, Annex (Programme of work on mountain biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 2
- Comprehensively analyse the status and trends of the world’s pollinator diversity: CBD Decision VI/5, 11 and CBD Decision VI/5, Annex (Plan of Action for the International Initiative for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Pollinators) SEE COMMENTARY 3
- Improve the understanding of the various causes of forest biodiversity losses: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 4
- Develop specific forest ecosystem surveys in priority areas for forest biodiversity: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 4
- Provide an analysis of status and trends of the world’s agricultural biodiversity: CBD Decision V/5, 4 and CBD Decision V/5, Annex (Programme of work on agricultural biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 5
- Assemble and analyse information on the state of the biodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands and the pressures on it: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 6
- Assess the status and trends of biodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 6
- Build knowledge on ecological, physical and social processes affecting biodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 6
- Identify benefits from biodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands, assess the socio-economic impact of its loss and undertake studies on the relationship between biodiversity and poverty: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 6
- Periodically review the status of species that you have included in Appendix III: CITES Resolution 9.25 (Rev. COP 10)
- Ensure implementation of the joint CBD – UNCCD work programme, including programme element A on assessments: UNCCD Decision 12/COP.6, 2 and UNEP/CBD/COP/7/INF/28 SEE COMMENTARY 7
Component 2: Monitor inland waters
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Monitor the condition of Ramsar sites, notify the Ramsar Bureau of changes and apply the Montreux Record and Ramsar Advisory Mission as tools to address problems: Ramsar Strategic Plan 2003-2008, Operational Objective 11.2 SEE COMMENTARY 8
- Monitor and assess the impacts of natural disasters on the ecological character of Ramsar sites and other wetlands and on the livelihoods of affected people and report this information to the Secretariat: Ramsar Resolution IX.9, 16
- Adopt and apply a monitoring regime, incorporating the Wetland Risk Assessment Framework: Ramsar Resolution IX.15, 21 and Ramsar Resolution VII.10, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 9
- Adopt a suitable monitoring regime as part of management planning for Ramsar sites and other wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VIII.10, 39: SEE COMMENTARY 9
- Utilize the management planning process to establish for each Ramsar site a monitoring programme: Ramsar Resolution VIII.14, 20: SEE COMMENTARY 9
- Monitor the impact of droughts on the ecological character of Ramsar sites and report to the Ramsar Bureau: Ramsar Resolution VIII.35, 15: SEE COMMENTARY 10
- Adopt a suitable monitoring regime, incorporating the Wetland Risk Assessment Framework: Ramsar Resolution VII.12, 20 and Ramsar Resolution VII.10, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 11
- Link with organizations such as the World Meteorological Organization to support the development of hydrological monitoring networks on wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VI.23, 7 a
- Fully apply the Wise Use Guidelines, particularly in relation to, inter alia, the monitoring of the status of wetlands: Ramsar Recommendation 6.1, 11 and Ramsar Recommendation 4.10, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 12
- Contracting Parties in the Neotropical region: Develop coordinated mechanisms to monitor the status of wetlands: Ramsar Recommendation 5.13
- Participate in internationally coordinated waterfowl surveys: Ramsar Recommendation 4.12: SEE COMMENTARY 13
- Develop and apply criteria for the identification, establishment, management and monitoring of wetland reserves: Ramsar Recommendation 2.3, Annex, 1.2
- Conduct data collection, monitoring and research related to species dependent on wetlands: Ramsar Recommendation 2.3, Annex, 1.3
- Monitor and follow-up authorized operations affecting wetlands: Conduct data collection, monitoring and research related to species dependent on wetlands: Ramsar Recommendation 2.3, Annex, 2.7
- Monitor any changes in the ecological character of listed sites and report such changes to the Ramsar Bureau: Ramsar Recommendation 2.3, Annex, 5.3
- Introduce and maintain monitoring of inland water biodiversity: CBD Decision VII/4, 7 and CBD Decision VII/4, Annex (Programme of work on inland water biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 1
- Encourage research and ensure monitoring of the stocks of sturgeon and paddlefish fisheries: CITES Resolution 12.7 (Rev. COP 13)
- Monitor cormorant populations: CMS Recommendation 4.1, 1d
- Monitor cormorant populations: Guidelines for the conservation and management of the Great Cormorant, principle c: CMS Recommendation 4.1, Appendix
- EU Members to ensure the establishment of programmes for the monitoring of water status in order to establish a coherent and comprehensive overview of water status within each river basin district: EU Water, Article 8 (1)
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Monitor biodiversity and adverse impacts: CBD Article 7
- Maintain and organize data derived from identification and monitoring activities: CBD Article 7d
- Share experience in the development and use of indicators and monitoring: CBD Decision VII/8, 13
- Ensure cross-referencing of the programme of work on mountain biodiversity, including the provisions on identification, monitoring and assessment, to other programmes of work: CBD Decision VII/27, 4: SEE COMMENTARY 14
- Identify, monitor and assess mountain biodiversity: CBD Decision VII/27, 2 and CBD Decision VII/27, Annex (Programme of work on mountain biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 2
- Improve methods for assessment and monitoring of mountain biodiversity: CBD Decision VII/27, 2 and CBD Decision VII/27, Annex (Programme of work on mountain biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 2
- Improve information management for assessing and monitoring mountain biodiversity: CBD Decision VII/27, 2 and CBD Decision VII/27, Annex (Programme of work on mountain biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 2
- Monitor protected area status and trends: CBD Decision VII/28, 18 and CBD Decision VII/28, Annex (Programme of work on protected areas) SEE COMMENTARY 15
- Enhance the technical capacity at the national level to monitor forest biodiversity: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 4
- Pay attention to the need for monitoring and assessment regarding impacts of tourism on biodiversity: CBD Decision V/25, 4 c
- Hunting communities: Monitor the spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and cooperate with national authorities in case of special temporary hunting regulations: CMS Resolution 8.27, 7
- Monitor the impacts of oil pollution on migratory species: CMS Resolution 7.3, 1
Component 3: Undertake research on inland waters
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Encourage research on wetlands: Ramsar Article 4, 3
- Study the role of wetlands in carbon storage and sequestration: Ramsar Resolution VIII.3, 18
- Collect data on waterbirds: Ramsar Resolution VIII.38, 20: SEE COMMENTARY 13
- Study the impact of groundwater use on the conservation of wetlands, from an interdisciplinary point of view: Ramsar Resolution VIII.40, 12+13
- Note and apply the Wetland Risk Assessment Framework: Ramsar Resolution VII.10, 12 and Ramsar Resolution VII.10, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 16
- Intensify studies on the presence and significance of toxic substances in the water, sediments and biota of wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VII.25, 6
- Promote the use of methods of sampling and analysis through recommendations in the form of technical norms and keep these methods under review: Ramsar Resolution VII.25, 9+10
- Encourage the study of traditional systems of water management: Ramsar Resolution VI.23, 7 b
- Encourage more studies of the economic value of water within wetlands: Ramsar Resolution VI.23, 7c
- Support research programmes in particular on peatland functioning and restoration of degraded peatland ecosystems: Ramsar Recommendation 6.1, 13
- Undertake research to investigate the decline in numbers of waders in the Western Hemisphere: Ramsar Recommendation 3.2
- Pursue research on waders in West Africa and at inland sites: Ramsar Recommendation 3.2
- Intensify research efforts in East Asia to discover the cause of the decline in ducks and large water birds: Ramsar Recommendation 3.2
- Collect waterfowl hunting statistics: Ramsar Recommendation 3.2
- Conduct data collection, monitoring and research related to species dependent on wetlands: Ramsar Recommendation 2.3, Annex, 1.3
- Review the importance of wetlands for species conservation, and the status of wetland species, and identify endemic, rare or endangered species: Conduct data collection, monitoring and research related to species dependent on wetlands: Ramsar Recommendation 2.3, Annex, 1.4
- Develop and implement research programmes to identify the species of tortoises and freshwater turtles in trade, monitor and assess the impact of trade on wild populations, evaluate commercial breeding, and include information on progress in periodic reporting: CITES Resolution 11.9 (Rev. COP 13) d + m
- Commission research on damage by cormorants to fishing interests, scaring and other techniques, and the ecological networks in which cormorants live: CMS Recommendation 4.1, 1e
- Initiate research or support research into the biological and ecological migratory water birds: AEWA. Article III, 2 h
- Cooperate with a view to assisting each other in the areas of research and monitoring: AEWA Article III, 2 k.
- Exchange information and results from research, monitoring, conservation and education programmes: AEWA Article, III 2 k
- Investigate problems that are posed or likely to be posed by human activities and endeavour to implement remedial measures: AEWA Article, iii K
- Undertake studies on the effects of wetland loss and degradation and disturbance:AEWA Annex III, 5.6
- Work towards the generation and application of best scientific advice as a basis for decisions on the sustainable use of the living aquatic resources: SADC Protocol on Fisheries Article, XVII 2
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Promote research contributing to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity: CBD Article 12b
- Promote and cooperate in the use of scientific advances in biodiversity research: CBD Article 12c
- Promote interdisciplinary research into all aspects of sustainable use and conservation: CBD Decision VII/12, 2 and CBD Decision VII/12, AnnexI (Addis Ababa Principles and Guidelines for the Sustainable Use of Biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 17
- Improve research on mountain biodiversity: CBD Decision VII/27, 2 and CBD Decision VII/27, Annex (Programme of work on mountain biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 2
- Ensure that scientific knowledge contributes to establishment and effectiveness of protected areas: CBD Decision VII/28, 18 and CBD Decision VII/28, Annex (Programme of work on protected areas) SEE COMMENTARY 15
- Conduct research on the role of forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: CBD Decision VI/22, 11 and CBD Decision VI/22, Annex (Expanded programme of work on forest biodiversity) SEE COMMENTARY 4
- Promote measures for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands through research and development programmes: CBD Decision V/23, 3 and CBD Decision V/23, Annex (Programme of work on dry and sub-humid lands) SEE COMMENTARY 6
- Promote research on migratory species: CMS Article II, 3a
- Initiate collaborative international research projects into the effects of climate change on migratory species: CMS Resolution 8.13, 4
- Fill gaps in knowledge through provision of support to establish programmes to study migratory patterns of species at flyway level: CMS Resolution 8.27, 11b SEE COMMENTARY 17
- Develop scientific and technical studies for counteracting dangers to the cultural or natural heritage: World Heritage Convention Article 5c
- Develop scientific and technical studies to identify actions that would counteract the dangers threatening the heritage: WHC Operational Guidelines I.C, 15e
- Integrate and coordinate the collection and analysis of data on land degradation: UNCCD Article 16
- Promote research relevant for combating desertification: UNCCD Article 17
- Provide opportunity for research for adaptive measures for protected areas to cope with climate change: UNFCCC Article 4 1e, KP Article 11.2 SEE COMMENTARY 18
- Each EU Member to ensure the establishment for each river basin district, or for the part of an international river basin district within its territory, of a programme of measures: EU Water, Article 11
- Facilitate access in accordance with National Laws and Regulations by Research Teams to all equipment being used: CLVO Article, XIII
- Cooperate in establishing research programmes and projects: SADC Protocol on Fisheries Article, XVII 1
- Understand and promote the role of island ecosystems in providing ecosystem services that prevent or mitigate the immpacts of disasters and extreme events: CBD Decision VIII/1, 1 and CBD Decision VIII/1, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 16a
- Improve the knowledge base of genetic resources: CBD Decision VIII/1, 1 and CBD Decision VIII/1, Annex SEE COMMENTARY 16b
- Improve data on dry and sub-humid lands ecosystem goods and services, on species at lower taxonomic orders, and on threats to dry and sub-humid lands ecosystems: CBD Decision VIII/2, 5
- Support and coordinate research to improve knowledge on biodiversity, monitoring systems, biodiversity valuation, ecosystem functioning and services: CBD Decision VIII/9, 19
- Support capacity building and research activities on positive incentive measures: CBD Decision VIII/26, 6 SEE COMMENTARY 16c
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