Activity 4: Monitoring of Marine and Coastal Biodiversity
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Below are the global and regional obligations in this activity:
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Component1: Guidelines (Indicators and Targets)
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Adopt mechanisms to monitor and reduce discards; UNFSA RC, Annex, Article 18h
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Integrate wildlife, livestock, human and ecosystem health issues into monitoring and surveillance; CMS Resolution 9.8, 6
Component2: Research Requirements
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Conduct data collection, monitoring and research related to species dependent on wetlands, Ramsar Recommendation 2.3, Annex, 1.3 and 2.7
- Review the importance of wetlands for species conservation, and the status of wetland species, and identify endemic, rare or endangered species, Ramsar Recommendation 2.3, Annex, 1.4
- Maintain an incident list on introductions of alien species, CBD Decision VII/5, 5 and CBD Decision VII/5, 5 – Annex I (CBD PoW on Marine and Coastal Biodiversity) – SEE COMMENTARY 1
- Carry out scientific and technical research and monitoring of ballast water, BWM Article 6
- Monitor the effects of Ballast Water Management in waters under your jurisdiction, BWM Article 6,1b – SEE COMMENTARY 2
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Develop innovative methods of implementing CBD article 7, on identifying and monitoring biodiversity, taking into account the value of rapid biological assessments and remote sensing, CBD Decision III/10, 1 – SEE COMMENTARY 3
- Identify and monitor biodiversity : CBD Article 7
- review the status of species included in CITES Appendices I and II, CITES Resolution 9.24 (Rev CoP14) – SEE COMMENTARY 4
- Periodically review the status of species that you have included in Appendix III: CITES Resolution 9.25 (Rev. COP 10)
- Monitor the status of native Appendix II species and export data and recommend, if necessary suitable remedial measures in order to maintain each species at level consistent with its role in the ecosystem: CITES Resolution 10.3 Recommends (j) - SEE COMMENTARY 5
- Monitor the impacts of oil pollution on migratory species: CMS Resolution 7.3, 1a
- Monitor both the export permits granted for specimens of species included in Appendix II and the actual exports of such specimens – CITES Article IV – SEE COMMENTARY 6
- Maintain records of trade in specimens of species included in CITES Appendices I, II and III, CITES Article VIII, 6
- Follow the Guidelines for management of nationally established export quotas by monitoring the use of quotas, CITES Resolution 14.7
- Monitor the status of native Appendix II species and export data and recommend, if necessary suitable remedial measures in order to maintain each species at level consistent with its role in the ecosystem, CITES Resolution 10.3 Recommends (j) - SEE COMMENTARY 7
- Integrate wildlife, livestock, human and ecosystem health issues into monitoring and surveillance; CMS Resolution 9.8, 6
Component3: Fisheries and Fish stocks (including sharks)
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Apply stock-specific precautionary reference points to ensure that populations of harvested stocks and associated species, are maintained at, or restored to, sustainable levels, and to use these reference points for triggering conservation and management action, UNGA Resolution 63/112, 8 – SEE COMMENTARY 23
- Develop, fully implement, and, continue to improve robust observer programmes, UNGA Resolution 63/112, 10
- Cooperate with FOA in the implementation and further development of the Fisheries Resources Monitoring System initiative, UNGA Resolution 63/112, 12
- Ensure that fisheries and other ecosystem data collection is performed in a coordinated and integrated manner , UNGA Resolution 63/112, 99
- Encourage research and ensure monitoring of the stocks of sturgeon and paddlefish to promote sustainable fisheries, CITES Resolution 12.7 (Rev. COP 14)
- Monitor trade in sturgeon products by implementing a range of measures, CITES Resolution 12.7 (Rev. COP 14) – SEE COMMENTARY 8
- Participate in the International Monitoring, Control and Surveillance Network for Fisheries-related Activities, UNFSA RC, Annex, Article 43e, and UNGA Resolution 63/112, 68
- Review national and regional programmes for the systematic collection of ecological and socio-economic data on fisheries and on aquaculture of relevance to Ramsar sites, Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 29
- Improve the monitoring and reporting of shark-catch, bycatch, and discards, market and international trade data, at the species level where possible, CITES Decision 14.115 - SEE COMMENTARY 9
- Establish effective monitoring, reporting and enforcement, and control of fishing vessels, including by flag States, to further the International Plan of Action on IUU Fishing, WSSD Plan of Implementation, 31d
- Establish mandatory vessel monitoring, control and surveillance systems, UNGA Resolution 63/112, 62
- Develop and adopt effective monitoring, control and surveillance measures for trans-shipment, UNGA Resolution 63/112, 67
- Implement and enforce conservation and management measures through effective monitoring, control and surveillance, UNFSA Article 5l
- Ensure that all vessels fishing on the high seas carry vessel monitoring systems as soon as practicable, UNFSA RC, Annex, Article 43n
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
No obligations!
Component4: Cetaceans
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Submit information, including on increasing levels of heavy metals, organochlorines and PCBs in whales, especially sperm whales, and the effects of shipping and offshore mining and drilling activities, IWC Resolution 1981:7
- Report by-catch of Dall’s Porpoise on an annual basis, IWC Resolution 2001-12
- Collect and inventory skin or meat samples for DNA identification from baleen whales, CITES Resolution 11.4 (Rev. CoP12) – SEE COMMENTARY 10
- Inventory all frozen whale parts and derivatives possessed in commercial quantities , CITES Resolution 11.4 (Rev. CoP12) – SEE COMMENTARY 11
- Establish measures to monitor the composition of whale meat stockpiles, and report this to the Commission, IWC Resolution 1995:6
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
No obligations!
Component5: Turtles
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Adopt and implement standard protocols for the monitoring, at recommended and agreed index sites, of populations of nesting and foraging hawksbill turtles, CITES Decision 13.38, c - SEE COMMENTARY 12
- Establish a monitoring program at an index site within each recognized management unit, to determine population trends of Dermochelys coriacea and responses to management actions: CMS Recommendation 7.6, 1c - SEE COMMENTARY 24
- Monitor the traditional harvest of Dermochelys coriacea turtles and/or eggs, CMS Recommendation 7.6c – SEE COMMENTARY 13
- Monitor legal harvests, by-catch in other fisheries and illegal take of hawksbill turtles, CITES Decision 13.38, c - SEE COMMENTARY 14
- Establish a monitoring program at an index site within each recognized management unit, to determine population trends of Dermochelys coriacea and responses to management actions: CMS Recommendation 7.6c - SEE COMMENTARY 15
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
No obligations!
Component6: Birds
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
No obligations!
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Monitor cormorant populations, CMS Recommendation 4.1 , SEE COMMENTARY 16
- Monitor the impacts of oil pollution on migratory species: CMS Resolution 7.3, 1a
- Ensure a fully integrated and participatory approach for HPAI and other animal-borne diseases in migratory birds by supporting monitoring projects CMS Resolution 9.8, 1
- Monitor the spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and cooperate with national authorities in case of special temporary hunting regulations: CMS Resolution 8.27, 7 – SEE COMMENTARY 17
Component7: Human Activities
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Keep under surveillance the effects of any activities which are permitted nationally or in which Parties are engaged in order to determine whether these activities are likely to pollute the marine environment, UNCLOS Article 204, 2
- Undertake further studies on the extent and nature of the problem of marine debris, UNGA Resolution 60/30, 65
- Take action to address the issue of lost or abandoned fishing gear and related marine debris, including through the collection of data on gear loss, economic costs to fisheries and other sectors, and the impact on marine ecosystems, UNGA Resolution 60/31, 77 – SEE COMMENTARY 25
- Carefully control aquaculture practices in Ramsar sites and in areas that are liable to impact on Ramsar sites and other wetlands: Ramsar Resolution IX.4, 31 - SEE COMMENTARY 18
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Monitor and assess impacts of tourism on biodiversity, CBD Decision V/25, 4c
- Pay attention to the need for long-term monitoring and assessment, including indicators, to measure impacts of tourism on biodiversity, CBD Decision V/25, 4
- Monitor the effects of processes and categories of activities which have or are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity through sampling and other techniques. CBD Art. 7c
Component8: Climate Change
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Improve monitoring to predict and identify coral bleaching events, UNGA Resolution 61/222, 103
- Encourage and support multidisciplinary approaches to action relating to coral-reef research and monitoring in relation to coral bleaching, CBD Decision V/3, 6,b –SEE COMMENTARY 26
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
- Identify and adopt monitoring and modelling programmes for regions, sub regions and ecosystems affected by climate change, CBD Decision IX/16, A, 4d – SEE COMMENTARY 19
- Monitor the impacts of climate change and both the positive and negative impacts of climate change mitigation and adaptation activities on biodiversity, CBD Decision IX/16, A, 4i – SEE COMMENTARY 20
Component9: Data Collection requirements
Directly relevant obligations and commitments
- Collect and inventory skin or meat samples for DNA identification from baleen whales, CITES Resolution 11.4 (Rev. CoP12) – SEE COMMENTARY 21
- Inventory all frozen whale parts and derivatives possessed in commercial quantities , CITES Resolution 11.4 (Rev. CoP12) – SEE COMMENTARY 22
Indirectly relevant obligations and commitments
No obligations!
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